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Eduard Konrad Zirm (18 March 1863 – 15 March 1944) was an ophthalmologist who performed the first successful human full-thickness corneal transplant on 7 December 1905. Zirm was born in Vienna, he studied medicine at the University of Vienna,〔Eye Bank Association of America.("100th Anniversary." ). Retrieved May 2, 2006.〕 and ophthalmology at the Eye Clinic there.〔(Dr. Zirm - Die erste geglückte Organtransplantation - 1905 ) at www.drzirm.org〕 After graduation, Zirm became an eye doctor at the Second Eye Clinic in Vienna, then accepted a position at a hospital in Olomouc, Moravia, in 1892. There he became chief of the new ophthalmology clinic that he helped establish.〔(Dr. Zirm - Die erste geglückte Organtransplantation - 1905 )〕 ==The first full-thickness corneal transplant operation== Human corneal transplantation (keratoplasty) had been attempted with little or no success throughout the 1800s using both animal donor cornea and human graft tissue. The donor tissue whether animal or human could either be transplanted as a full-thickness disc of cornea or partial-thickness (layers or lamellae) cornea was attached to the host eye. By the late 1880s lamellar grafts were considered to have a better chance of success than full-thickness corneal grafting which invariably failed a few days after the operation.〔 In 1905, Zirm encountered a patient Alois Glogar, a 45-year-old day farm labourer from a small town in the Czech Republic whose corneas in both eyes had tuned white-bray and opaque a year earlier while working with slaking lime. Around the same time he examined Glogar, an 11-year-old boy named Karl Brauer was brought to Zirm's clinic with penetrating eye-injury to both eyes and iron metal foreign bodies irretrievably lodged in his eyes. When attempts to save Brauer's eyes were unsuccessful, Zirm, with the boy's father's permission〔 enucleated them and saved the corneas for transplantation into Glogar's. Although complications affected one eye, the other remained clear allowing Glogar to return to work.〔 The operation and the consequent healing processes were difficult at that time because without a microscope and microsurgical instruments it was impossible to suture the donor cornea to the host tissue. Therefore, Zirm successfully sutured the conjunctival tissue over the graft-host junction.〔 During the twentieth century, parallel advances in microscopy, microsurgical instrumentation anaesthesia and asepsis have led to the increasing success of keratoplasty.〔(Centennial review of corneal transplantation. (Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2005) - PubMed Result ) at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov〕 Zirm 's method remains the basis for repairing corneal damage. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eduard Zirm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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